All of the following are likely results of land-clearing operations such as deforestation and agriculture EXCEPT

1.   ?    destruction of plant and animal habitats.
   
2.   ?    erosion of soil due to increased water runoff.
3.   ?    rapid eutrophication of streams and lakes due to leaching of soil nutrients and fertalizers.
4.   ?    decreased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Which of the following statements about human intrusions in ecosystem dynamics is CORRECT?

1.   ?    Deforestation has few consequences that extend beyond the affected forest.
   
   
2.   ?    Agricultural practices result in the constant removal of nutrients from ecosystems, so that large supplements are continuously required
3.   ?    Dumping nutrient wastes into aquatic habitats accelerates the greenhouse effect.
4.   ?    The release of toxic substances is a temporary nuisance because bacterial decomposers soon break them all down

The traditional concept of succession includes the idea of an equilibrium state called a climax community. Ecologists now think there may be no such thing as a climax community because

1.   ?    disturbance is ongoing in ecosystems.
   
   
2.   ?    extinction increases in stable environments.
3.   ?    species diversity generally increases.
4.   ?    each succession is different from others.

The high levels of pesticides found in birds of prey is an example of

1.   ?    eutrophication.
2.   ?    predation.
3.   ?    biological magnification.
4.   ?    chemical cycling through an ecosystem.
   

Several years after a building had been tom down and the ground cleared, grasses began to grow in that area. After 10 years, small bushes replaced the grasses. This pattern of plant growth is known as

1.   ?    land-use management
2.   ?    biological control
3.   ?    ecological succession
4.   ?    cover cropping
   

In order to preserve the biosphere for future generations, humans must

1.   ?     make use of technology to develop new herbicides
2.   ?    explore ways to drain and fill wetlands along the seacoast
3.   ?    put all wild animals in game preserves
4.   ?    understand how living things interact with their environme

The following question is based on this information.
The Long Island pine barrens is a natural woodland that once covered more than a quarter of a million acres. The dominant tree in this woodland is the pitch pine. Plant and animal distribution and abundance are controlled by fire and soil conditions. Dry, sandy soils encourage frequent wildfires, which periodically consume all or part of the vegetation. Fires are natural and important in maintaining the pine barrens. Pine barrens plants and animals must be fire adapted; that is, they must have the ability to survive fires or to colonize burned areas rapidly. Some pine barrens insects, for example, escape fire by burrowing deep into the ground during times of the year when fires are likely to occur.

Which event normally takes place after a fire in the pine barrens?

1.   ?    ecological succession, which helps reestablish the pine barrens
2.   ?    increased mutations in the pitch pines
3.   ?    hibernation of the insects in the ground
4.   ?    rapid interbreeding of animal species that survive the fire
   

The following question is based on this information.
The Long Island pine barrens is a natural woodland that once covered more than a quarter of a million acres. The dominant tree in this woodland is the pitch pine. Plant and animal distribution and abundance are controlled by fire and soil conditions. Dry, sandy soils encourage frequent wildfires, which periodically consume all or part of the vegetation. Fires are natural and important in maintaining the pine barrens. Pine barrens plants and animals must be fire adapted; that is, they must have the ability to survive fires or to colonize burned areas rapidly. Some pine barrens insects, for example, escape fire by burrowing deep into the ground during times of the year when fires are likely to occur.

In the pine barrens, pitch pine trees are part of a __________.

1.   ?    tundra biome
   
2.   ?    grassland biome
3.   ?    climax community
4.   ?    pioneer community

The following question is based on this information.
The Long Island pine barrens is a natural woodland that once covered more than a quarter of a million acres. The dominant tree in this woodland is the pitch pine. Plant and animal distribution and abundance are controlled by fire and soil conditions. Dry, sandy soils encourage frequent wildfires, which periodically consume all or part of the vegetation. Fires are natural and important in maintaining the pine barrens. Pine barrens plants and animals must be fire adapted; that is, they must have the ability to survive fires or to colonize burned areas rapidly. Some pine barrens insects, for example, escape fire by burrowing deep into the ground during times of the year when fires are likely to occur.

A pioneer organism in the pine barrens is one that

1.   ?    migrates to a different habitat
2.   ?    burrows out of the ground after the fire is extinguished
3.   ?    is the first to repopulate areas where fire destroyed the vegetation
4.   ?    is destroyed by the fire

ch organisms would most likely be the pioneer organisms on a newly formed volcanic island?

1.   ?    conifers
2.   ?    lichens
3.   ?    deciduous trees
4.   ?    tall grasses
   

In an attempt to prevent certain species from becoming extinct, humans have

1.   ?    placed all endangered species in zoos
   
2.   ?    increased the trapping of predators
3.   ?     increased wildlife management and habitat protection
4.   ?    attempted to mate organisms from different species to create new and stronger organisms

Which statement best describes the pioneer organisms involved in ecological succession?

1.   ?    They do not require sunlight.
2.   ?    They are the last organisms to appear
3.   ?    They are restricted to desert biomes.
4.   ?    They modify the environment.

When Mount Saint Helens erupted in 1980, a portion of the surrounding area was covered by lava, which buried all of the vegetation. Four months later,Anaphalis margaritacea plants were found growing out of rock crevices. The beginning of plant regrowth in this area is part of the process known as

1.   ?    ecological succession
   
2.   ?    species preservation
3.   ?    organic evolution
4.   ?    biotic competition

Which human activity would most likely result in the addition of an organism to the endangered species list?

1.   ?    use of pollution controls
2.   ?    habitat destruction
   
3.   ?    cover cropping
4.   ?    use of erosion controls